# 1. 返回函数、闭包
import functools
import time


def cal_sums(*args):
    def do_sum():
        result = 0
        for x in args:
            result += x
        return result

    return do_sum


call_sum = cal_sums(1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
call_sum_two = cal_sums(1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
print(call_sum)
print(call_sum_two)
print(call_sum())


def count():
    fs = []
    for i in range(1, 4):
        def f():
            return i * i

        fs.append(f)
    return fs


f1, f2, f3 = count()

print(f1)
print(f1(), f2())


def count_two():
    fs = []

    def g(j):
        def f():
            return j * j

        return f

    for i in range(1, 4):
        fs.append(g(i))
    return fs


f4, f5, f6 = count_two()
print(f4(), f5(), f6())


# 练习 利用闭包返回一个计数器函数，每次调用它返回递增整数：
def createCounter():
    x = 0

    def counter():
        nonlocal x
        x += 1
        return x

    return counter


# 测试:
counterA = createCounter()
print(counterA(), counterA(), counterA(), counterA(), counterA())  # 1 2 3 4 5
counterB = createCounter()
if [counterB(), counterB(), counterB(), counterB()] == [1, 2, 3, 4]:
    print('测试通过!')
else:
    print('测试失败!')

# 2. 匿名函数
l = list(map(lambda x: x * x, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]))
print(l)


# 练习
# 请用匿名函数改造下面的代码：

def is_odd(n):
    return n % 2 == 1


L = list(filter(is_odd, range(1, 20)))
M = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 1, range(1, 20)))
print(M)


# 3. 装饰器

def print_date():
    print('2022-07-10')


f = print_date

print(print_date.__name__)
print(f.__name__)


def log(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kw):
        print('call %s():' % func.__name__)
        return func(*args, **kw)

    return wrapper


@log
def print_date():
    print('2022-07-10')


print_date()


@log
def print_sth(str):
    print(str)
    return "print_sth_return"


p_r = print_sth("print-something")
print(p_r)
print(print_sth.__name__)


def log_fun_name(func):
    @functools.wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, **kw):
        print('call %s():' % func.__name__)
        return func(*args, **kw)

    return wrapper


@log_fun_name
def print_sth(str):
    print(str)
    return "print_sth_return"


p_r = print_sth("print-something")
print(p_r)
print(print_sth.__name__)


# 练习 1.请设计一个decorator，它可作用于任何函数上，并打印该函数的执行时间：

def metric(fn):
    @functools.wraps(fn)
    def wrapper(*args, **kvs):
        start_time = time.time()
        result = fn(*args, **kvs)
        end_time = time.time()
        print('%s executed in %s ms' % (fn.__name__, end_time - start_time))
        return result

    return wrapper


# 测试
@metric
def fast(x, y):
    time.sleep(0.0012)
    return x + y;


@metric
def slow(x, y, z):
    time.sleep(0.1234)
    return x * y * z;


f = fast(11, 22)
s = slow(11, 22, 33)
if f != 33:
    print('测试失败!')
elif s != 7986:
    print('测试失败!')


# 练习2. 请编写一个decorator，能在函数调用的前后打印出'begin call'和'end call'的日志。
#
# 再思考一下能否写出一个@log的decorator，使它既支持：
# @log
# def f():
#     pass
# 又支持
# @log('execute')
# def f():
#     pass

def log(*text):
    print(text)

    def wrapper(func):
        def excute(*args, **kvs):
            print("Text:", text, "Length", len(text))
            print("begin call")
            result = func(*args, **kvs)
            print("end call")
            return result

        return excute

    return wrapper


@log("execute", "exg", "abcd")
def f():
    return "Have Args"


print(f())


@log()
def f():
    return "No args"


print(f())

#4. 偏函数
int2 = functools.partial(int, base=2)
print(int2("10000"))

# 1. 高阶函数
from functools import reduce

f = abs
print(f)
print(f(-10))


def absadd(x, y, f):
    return f(x) + f(y)


print(absadd(-3, -4, f))


# 2. map reduce
def fuc_square(x):
    return x * x


r_m = map(fuc_square, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print(list(r_m))


def red_fuc(x, y):
    return x * 10 + y


r_r = reduce(red_fuc, [1, 3, 5, 7, 9])
print(r_r)


# 练习 1
# 利用map()函数，把用户输入的不规范的英文名字，变为首字母大写，其他小写的规范名字。
# 输入：['adam', 'LISA', 'barT']，输出：['Adam', 'Lisa', 'Bart']：
def normalize(name):
    return str.capitalize(name)


L1 = ['adam', 'LISA', 'barT']
L2 = list(map(normalize, L1))
print(L2)


# 练习 2
# Python提供的sum()函数可以接受一个list并求和，
# 请编写一个prod()函数，可以接受一个list并利用reduce()求积：

def prod(L):
    def multi(x, y):
        return x * y

    return reduce(multi, L)


print('3 * 5 * 7 * 9 =', prod([3, 5, 7, 9]))
if prod([3, 5, 7, 9]) == 945:
    print('测试成功!')
else:
    print('测试失败!')


# 练习 3
# 利用map和reduce编写一个str2float函数，把字符串'123.456'转换成浮点数123.456
def str2float(s):
    dic = {"1": 1, "2": 2, "3": 3, ".": ".", "4": 4, "5": 5, "6": 6, "7": 7, "8": 8, "9": 9}
    point = -1

    def map_fuc(x):
        return dic[x]

    def reduce_fuc(x, y):
        # 作用域上溯一层
        nonlocal point
        if y == ".":
            point = 1
            return x
        elif point == -1:
            return x * 10 + y
        else:
            point *= 10
            return x + y / point

    list_nums = list(map(map_fuc, s))
    print(list_nums)
    return reduce(reduce_fuc, list_nums)


print('str2float(\'123.456\') =', str2float('123.456'))
if abs(str2float('123.456') - 123.456) < 0.00001:
    print('测试成功!')
else:
    print('测试失败!')


# 3. filter
def is_odd(n):
    return n % 2 == 1


print(list(filter(is_odd, list(range(1, 11)))))


# 练习 生成质数数列
def odd_gen():
    n = 1
    while True:
        n += 2
        yield n


def not_divisible(n):
    return lambda x: x % n > 0


def primes():
    yield 2
    it = odd_gen()
    while True:
        n = next(it)
        yield n
        it = filter(not_divisible(n), it)


# 打印1000以内的素数:
for n in primes():
    if n < 1000:
        print(n)
    else:
        break

c = not_divisible(3)
print(c(3))


# 练习 回数是指从左向右读和从右向左读都是一样的数，例如12321，909。请利用filter()筛选出回数：
def int_gen():
    n = 1
    while True:
        yield n
        n += 1


def is_palindrome(n):
    if n < 10:
        return True
    if n % 10 == 0:
        return False
    temp = 0
    while n > temp:
        temp = temp * 10 + n % 10
        n = int(n / 10)
    return temp == n or int(temp / 10) == n


output = filter(is_palindrome, range(1, 1000))
print('1~1000:', list(output))
if list(filter(is_palindrome, range(1, 200))) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 101,
                                                  111, 121, 131, 141, 151, 161, 171, 181, 191]:
    print('测试成功!')
else:
    print('测试失败!')

# 4. sort
print(sorted([36, 5, -12, 9, -21]))
print(sorted([36, 5, -12, 9, -21], key=abs))
print(sorted([36, 5, -12, 9, -21], key=abs, reverse=True))

# 练习 假设我们用一组tuple表示学生名字和成绩：
# L = [('Bob', 75), ('Adam', 92), ('Bart', 66), ('Lisa', 88)]
# 请用sorted()对上述列表分别按名字排序：

L = [('Bob', 75), ('Adam', 92), ('Bart', 66), ('Lisa', 88)]


def by_name(t):
    return t[0]


L2 = sorted(L, key=by_name)
print(L2)


# 再按成绩从高到低排序：
def by_score(t):
    return t[1]


L2 = sorted(L, key=by_score, reverse=True
            )
print(L2)

# 高级特性
# 1. 切片和列表生成器
from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator

list_one = list(range(10))
print(list_one[:3])
print(list_one[2:7])
print(list_one[-5:-1])
# 取后5个数
print(list_one[-5:])
# 取偶数
print(list_one[:10:2])
# 取奇数
print(list_one[1:10:2])
# 字符串也可以切片
str_one = "My name is Yummy"
print(str_one[:5])
print(str_one[:10:3])


def trim_str(str):
    result = str
    if str[-1] == " ":
        result = str[:-1]
    return result


print(trim_str("Yummy ") + "!")
print(trim_str("Yummy") + "!")

# 2. 迭代
d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
for key in d:
    print(key)
for v in d.values():
    print(v)
for k, v in d.items():
    print(k, v)
for s in "Yummy":
    print(s)

print(isinstance(123, Iterable))

for i, value in enumerate(["A", "B", "C"]):
    print(i, value)

for x, y in [(1, 2), (4, 6), (7, "A")]:
    print(x, y)


# 测试
def findMinAndMax(param):
    max, min = None, None
    if param and param != []:
        for v in param:
            if max == None:
                max = min = v
            elif v > max:
                max = v
            elif v < min:
                min = v
    return (min, max)


if findMinAndMax([]) != (None, None):
    print('测试失败!')
elif findMinAndMax([7]) != (7, 7):
    print('测试失败!')
elif findMinAndMax([7, 1]) != (1, 7):
    print('测试失败!')
elif findMinAndMax([7, 1, 3, 9, 5]) != (1, 9):
    print('测试失败!')
else:
    print('测试成功!')

# 3. 列表生成
list_two = [x * x for x in range(1, 11)]
print(list_two)
list_three = [x * x for x in range(1, 11) if x % 2 != 0]
print(list_three)
list_four = [m + n for m in "ABC" for n in "123"]
print(list_four)
d_str = {"A": "1", "B": "2", "C": "3"}
list_five = [k + "=" + v for k, v in d_str.items()]
print(list_five)
# 变成小写
print([v.lower() for v in list_five])
list_six = [x * x if x % 2 == 0 else -x for x in range(1, 11)]
print(list_six)
# 练习变小写，需要判断类型
L1 = ['Hello', 'World', 18, 'Apple', None]
L_output = [x.lower() if isinstance(x, str) else x for x in L1]
print(L_output)

# 4. 生成器
g = (x * x if x % 2 == 0 else -x for x in range(1, 11))
next(g)
print(next(g))
for v in g:
    print(v)


def feb(max):
    a, b, n = 0, 1, 0
    while n < max:
        a, b = b, a + b
        yield a
        n += 1
    return "over"


fg = feb(10)
for v in fg:
    print(v)


# 练习：生成器，杨辉三角形
#           1
#          / \
#         1   1
#        / \ / \
#       1   2   1
#      / \ / \ / \
#     1   3   3   1
#    / \ / \ / \ / \
#   1   4   6   4   1
#  / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
# 1   5   10  10  5   1
def g_triangle():
    last_row = [1]
    cur_row = [1]
    n = 0
    while n < 10:
        if n == 0:
            cur_row = [1]
        elif n == 1:
            cur_row = [1, 1]
        else:
            idx = 1
            while idx < n:
                cur_row.append(last_row[idx - 1] + last_row[idx])
                idx += 1
            cur_row.append(1)
        yield cur_row
        last_row = cur_row
        cur_row = [1]
        n += 1
    return


n = 0
results = []
for t in g_triangle():
    results.append(t)
    n = n + 1
    if n == 10:
        break

for t in results:
    print(t)

if results == [
    [1],
    [1, 1],
    [1, 2, 1],
    [1, 3, 3, 1],
    [1, 4, 6, 4, 1],
    [1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1],
    [1, 6, 15, 20, 15, 6, 1],
    [1, 7, 21, 35, 35, 21, 7, 1],
    [1, 8, 28, 56, 70, 56, 28, 8, 1],
    [1, 9, 36, 84, 126, 126, 84, 36, 9, 1]
]:
    print('测试通过!')
else:
    print('测试失败!')

#5. 迭代器 可以被next()函数调用并不断返回下一个值的对象称为迭代器
print(isinstance((x for x in range(10)), Iterator))
print(isinstance((x for x in range(10)), Iterable))
print(isinstance([], Iterator))
print(isinstance([], Iterable))

# Python demo for lihz
# 1. Hello World
print("Hello World Python")

# 2. 输入输出
print("The quick brown fox", "jumps over the lazy dog")
print("100", "+", "200", "=", 100 + 200)
# name = input("What is your name ? \r\n")
# print("My name is",name)
print('''Line1
Line2
Line3''')

# 3. 字符串
print(chr(66))
print(chr(22334))
# bytes 数据类型
x = b'abc'
print(x)
print("中文".encode("utf-8"))
print(b'\xe4\xb8\xad\xe6\x96\x87'.decode("utf-8"))
print("My name is %s" % "OneCoder")
age = 38
print(f"My age is {age}")

# 4. list  tuple
# list 有序集合
numbers = ["8676", "8616", "8385"]
print("The length of list numbers is %s" % len(numbers))
numbers.append("8528")
numbers.pop(1)
numbers.insert(1, "8448")
print(numbers)

# tuple 不可变元组
families = ("Dad", "Mum", "Son")
print(len(families))
one = (1,)
print(one)
print((1))

# 5. 判断和循环
number = 20
if int(number) > 18:
    print(number)
elif int(number) > 6:
    print("less than 18")

sum = 0
for x in range(101):
    sum += x
print(sum)

# 6. dict即map和Set
d = {"Dad": 38, "Mum": 37}
print(d["Mum"])
print(d.get("Son", "Yummy"))
# set 元素不重复
s1 = set([1, 2, 3, 3])
print(s1)
s2 = set([2, 3, 4])
s1.add(5)
print(s1 & s2)
print(s1 | s2)

# 7. 函数
h = hex
print(h(12))


def print_name(name):
    print("My name is", name)


def return_tuple():
    return 12, 34


x, y = return_tuple()
print(x)
print(y)
print_name("Yummy")


def power(x, n=2):
    s = 1
    while n > 0:
        s = s * x
        n -= 1
    return s


print(power(5))
print(power(5, 3))


def sums(*nums):
    result = 0
    for i in nums:
        result += i
    return result


print(sums(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))


def person(name, age, **others):
    print("Name:", name, "Age:", age, "Others: ", others)


extra = {"city": "DaLian", "gender": "Male"}
# 获得的室extra的拷贝，修改不会影响extra的值
person("Yummy", 8, **extra)


def person_two(name, age, *, city):
    print("Name:", name, "Age:", age, "City:", city)


person_two("Yummy", 8, city="DaLian")


def f1(a, b, c=1, *args, **kwargs):
    print('a =', a, 'b =', b, 'c =', c, 'args =', args, 'kw =', kwargs)


f1(1, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, kwargs={"5": 5})